Torque density
How much turning force an actuator delivers for each kilogram of its own weight.
A joint with high torque density is strong without being heavy. A heavy actuator forces the robot to spend more energy just to move its own limbs, so the battery drains sooner and the robot is less agile.
This number rarely appears on a product page, but it explains why two humanoids of the same height can differ so much in battery time and jumping ability. If it is listed, compare it per joint, because the knee needs far more than a wrist.
Related terms
ChinaHumanoids & R&D
Unitree G1
Bipedal humanoid
Payload
2 kgRuntime
2 hSpeed
7.2 km/h$13,500 – $16,000price as of September 2026
On salePhoto coming soon
ChinaHumanoids & R&D
Unitree H1
Bipedal humanoid
Payload
7 kgRuntime
no dataSpeed
no data$90,000price as of September 2026
Made to orderPhoto coming soon
USAHumanoids & R&D
Figure 02
Bipedal humanoid
Payload
20 kgRuntime
5 hSpeed
3 km/hNot for sale, no price
Not for sale
USAHumanoids & R&D
Tesla Optimus
Bipedal humanoid
Payload
no dataRuntime
no dataSpeed
no dataNot for sale, no price
Not for sale